AIDB- All India Development Bank
ATM- Automated Teller Machine is a machine uses a computer that verifi es your account information and PIN (Personal Identification Number) and will dispense or deposit funds per your request)Annuity- Fixed amount of cash to be received every year for a specified period of time
Asset/Liability Risk- A risk that current obligations/ liabilities cannot be met with current assets.
Assets- Things that one owns which have value in financial terms.
Banking Cash Transaction Tax (BCTT) - BCTT is a small tax on cash withdrawal from bank exceeding a particular amount in a single day
Bank Credit – Bank Credit includes Term Loans, Cash Credit, Overdrafts, Bills purchased & discounted, Bank Guarantees, Letters of Guarantee, Letters of credit.
Bank Debits - Sum of the value of all cheques and other instruments charged against the deposited funds of a bank’s customer.
Bank Rate - Interest rate paid by major banks if they borrow from RBI, the Central Bank of the country.
Bank Statement - A periodic record of a customer’s account that is issued at regular intervals, showing all transactions recorded for the period in question
Basis Point- Basis Point is one-hundredth of one percentage point (i.e. 0.01%), normally used for indicating spreads or cost of finance.
Balance of Payment (BoP) – BoP is a statement showing the country’s trade and financial transactions (all economic transactions), in terms of net outstanding receivable or payable from other countries, with the rest of the world for a period of time
BR Act - Banking Regulation Act
Cash reserve Ratio (CRR) - CRR is the amount of funds that the banks have to keep with the RBI. If the central bank decides to increase the CRR, the available amount with the banks comes down
CAD- current account deficit
Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) – CRR is a ratio of total capital divided by risk-weighted assets and risk-weighted off-balance sheet items.
Cash Credit (CC) - An arrangement whereby the bank gives a short-term loan against the self-liquidating security
Certificate of Deposit (CD) - CD is a negotiable instrument issued by a bank evidencing time deposit
Cheque - A written order on a bank instrument for payment of a certain amount of money.
C-D ratio- Credit- Deposit Ratio
Corporate Banking - Banking services for large firms
CRAR - Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets Ratio
Credit Crunch - Fall in supply of credit even though there is sufficient demand for it
Cross default - Two loan agreements connected by a clause that allows one lender to recall the loan if the borrower defaults with another, and vice versa.
Deposit: A check or cash that is put into your bank account.
Endorse: To sign the back of your check before cashing or depositing it, as proof that you are the person the check was written out to.
Equitable mortgage - Mortgage under which one still owns the property which is security for the mortgage. The owner can occupy or live in the property
Exchange Rate - The rate at which one currency may be exchanged for another
FRNs - Floating Rate Notes
Fixed assets - Assets such as land, buildings, machinery or property used in operating a business that will not be consumed or converted into cash during the current accounting period
Fixed Rate - A predetermined rate of interest applied to the principal of a loan or credit agreement
IFSC Code - Indian Financial System Code or IFSC code is an eleven character code assigned by RBI to identify every bank branches uniquely, that are participating in NEFT system in India
Liquidation – Liquidation is divestment of all the assets of a firm so that the firm ceases to exist
Liquidity- The extent to which or the ease with which an asset may quickly be converted into cash with the least administrative and other costs
Letter of Credit (LC) - A formal document issued by a bank on behalf of a customer, stating the conditions under which the bank will honour the commitments of the customer
Line of Credit - pre-approved credit facility (usually for one year) enabling a bank customer to borrow up to the specified maximum amount at any time during the relevant period of time.
MICR- Magnetic Ink Character Recognition or MICR is the bottom line on all checks. It is printed using a special font.
Monthly Statement: statement received by customers at the end of the month about the account’s activity (what went in and what came out) from the previous month.
NEFT- national electronic funds transfer
Non Performing Assets (NPA) - When due payments in credit facilities remain overdue above a specified period, then such credit facilities are classified as NPA.
NBFCs- Non-banking Finance Companies
NHB- National Housing Bank
Overdraw: To write a check for more money than what is present in the account. Usually there is a fee (known as NSF/non-sufficient funds)
Principal- Principal is the amount of debt that must be repaid. Also means a person who deals in securities on his own account and not as a broker
Prime Lending Rate (PLR) - The rate of interest charged on loans by banks to their most creditworthy customers
PSB - Public Sector Bank
Repo rate- the rate at which the RBI lends money to banks
Reverse repo rate- Reverse Repo rate is the rate at which the RBI borrows money from commercial banks
SCBs - Scheduled Commercial Banks
Statutory Liquidity Ratio- SLR is Statutory Liquidity Ratio. It’s the percentage of Demand and Time Maturities that banks need to have in any or combination of the following forms:
i) Cash
ii) Gold valued at a price not exceeding the current market price,
iii) Unencumbered approved securities (G Secs or Gilts come under this) valued at a price as specified by the RBI from time to time
Standby Letter of Credit - A guarantee issued by a bank, on behalf of a buyer that protects the seller against non-payment for goods shipped to the buyer
Securitization - Securitization is a process of transformation of a bank loan into tradable securities
Selective Credit Control (SCC) - Control of credit flow to borrowers dealing in some essential commodities to discourage hoarding and black-marketing
Tier 1 Capital - Refers to core capital consisting of Capital, Statutory Reserves, Revenue and other reserves, Capital Reserves (excluding Revaluation Reserves) and unallocated surplus/ profit but excluding accumulated losses, investments in subsidiaries and other intangible assets
Tier 2 Capital - Comprises Property Revaluation Reserves, Undisclosed Reserves, Hybrid Capital, Subordinated Term Debt and General Provisions. This is Supplementary Capital.
Withdrawal: To take money out of your bank account. To make a withdrawal is the opposite of making a deposit
Balance of Payment: A summation of imports and exports made between a country and the other countries that it trades with.
Balance of trade: The difference in value over a period of time between a country's imports and exports.
Base year: In the construction of an index, the year from which the weights assigned to the different components of the index is drawn. It is conventional to set the value of an index in its base year equal to 100.
Variable Rate: Any interest rate that may fluctuate over the life of the loan is a variable rate loan or credit agreement. This fluctuation then causes changes in either the payments or the length of the term. This variable rate is often tied to an index that reflects changes in market rates of interest.
Bill of exchange: Often known as draft, Bill of Exchange is a document is a third party instrument (written, dated, and signed) containing an unconditional order by a drawer that directs a drawee to pay a definite sum of money to a payee on demand or at a specified future date. It is the most commonly used financial instrument in international trade.
Bretton Woods: It is an international monetary system, in which the value of the dollar was fixed in terms of gold, and every other country held its currency at a fixed exchange rate against the dollar. When trade deficits occurred, the central bank of the deficit country financed the deficit with its reserves of international currencies. The Bretton Woods system operated from 1946-1973 and collapsed in 1971 when the US abandoned the gold standard.
Capital account: Part of a nation's balance of payments that includes purchases and sales of assets, such as stocks, bonds, and land. A nation has a capital account surplus when receipts from asset sales exceed payments for the country's purchases of foreign assets. The sum of the capital and current accounts is the overall balance of payments.
Current account: Part of a nation's balance of payments which includes the value of all goods and services imported and exported, as well as the payment and receipt of dividends and interest. A nation has a current account surplus if exports exceed imports plus net transfers to foreigners. The sum of the current and capital accounts is the overall balance of payments.
Currency appreciation: An increase in the value of one currency relative to another currency. Appreciation occurs when, because of a change in exchange rates; a unit of one currency buys more units of another currency. Opposite is the case with currency depreciation.
Fiscal deficit: When a government's total expenditures exceed the revenue that it generates (excluding money from borrowings). A fiscal deficit is regarded by some as a positive economic event. Deficit differs from debt, which is an accumulation of yearly deficits.
Foreign exchange reserves: Also known as forex reserves or FX reserves, Foreign exchange reserves are 'only' the foreign currency deposits and bonds held by central banks and monetary authorities. Reserves enable the monetary authorities to intervene in foreign exchange markets to affect the exchange value of their domestic currency in the market. Reserves are invested in low-risk and liquid assets, often in foreign government securities.
Gross domestic product (GDP): It refers to the market value of all officially recognized final goods and services produced within a country in a given period, usually in one year. GDP per capita is often considered an indicator of a country's standard of livingbut is is not a measure of personal income. GDP per capita exactly equals the gross domestic income (GDI) per capita.
Gross national product (GNP): It is the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year by labour and property supplied by the residents of a country. It adds income earned by its citizens abroad, minus income earned by foreigners from domestic production.
Gross domestic income: GDI is the total income received by all sectors of an economy within a nation. It includes the sum of all wages, profits, and minus subsidies.
Inflation: Inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. It leads to less purchasing power of goods and services by each unit of currency; a loss of real value in the internal medium of exchange and unit of account in the economy.
International Monetary Fund (IMF): An international organisation that was created in the Bretton Woods Conference of 1944. Its main purpose is to regulate the international monetary exchange system, but has been modified since it creation. In particular, one of the central tasks of the IMF is to stabilize exchange rates of world currencies in a bid to alleviate severe balance of payments problems.
Monetary policy: The regulation of the money supply and interest rates by a central bank in order to control inflation and stabilize currency. If the economy is heating up, the central bank (such as RBI in India) can withdraw money from the banking system, raise the reserve requirement or raise the discount rate to make it cool down. If growth is slowing, it can reverse the process - increase the money supply, lower the reserve requirement and decrease the discount rate. The monetary policy influences interest rates and money supply.
Subsidy: It is an assistance paid to a business or economic sector by government to prevent the decline of that industry. Examples are export subsidies to encourage the sale of exports; subsidies on some foodstuffs to keep down the cost of living, especially in urban areas; and farm subsidies to encourage expansion of farm production and achieve self-reliance in food production.
Treasury bill: A short-term debt issued by a national government with a maximum maturity of one year. Treasury bills are sold at discount, such that the difference between purchase price and the value at maturity is the amount of interest.
WTO: The World Trade Organization is a global international organization that deals with the global rules of trade between nations. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows smoothly, predictably and freely as possible.
Black Market: A black market or underground economy is a market in goods or services which operate outside the formal ones supported by established state power. Typically the totality of such activity is referred to with the definite article as a complement to the official economies, by market for such goods and services, e.g. "the black market in bush meat" or the state jurisdiction "the black market in China".
Income inequality metrics: Income inequality metrics or income distribution metrics are used by social scientists to measure the distribution of income, and economic inequality among the participants in a particular economy, such as that of a specific country or of the world in general.
ATM- Automated Teller Machine is a machine uses a computer that verifi es your account information and PIN (Personal Identification Number) and will dispense or deposit funds per your request)Annuity- Fixed amount of cash to be received every year for a specified period of time
Asset/Liability Risk- A risk that current obligations/ liabilities cannot be met with current assets.
Assets- Things that one owns which have value in financial terms.
Banking Cash Transaction Tax (BCTT) - BCTT is a small tax on cash withdrawal from bank exceeding a particular amount in a single day
Bank Credit – Bank Credit includes Term Loans, Cash Credit, Overdrafts, Bills purchased & discounted, Bank Guarantees, Letters of Guarantee, Letters of credit.
Bank Debits - Sum of the value of all cheques and other instruments charged against the deposited funds of a bank’s customer.
Bank Rate - Interest rate paid by major banks if they borrow from RBI, the Central Bank of the country.
Bank Statement - A periodic record of a customer’s account that is issued at regular intervals, showing all transactions recorded for the period in question
Basis Point- Basis Point is one-hundredth of one percentage point (i.e. 0.01%), normally used for indicating spreads or cost of finance.
Balance of Payment (BoP) – BoP is a statement showing the country’s trade and financial transactions (all economic transactions), in terms of net outstanding receivable or payable from other countries, with the rest of the world for a period of time
BR Act - Banking Regulation Act
Cash reserve Ratio (CRR) - CRR is the amount of funds that the banks have to keep with the RBI. If the central bank decides to increase the CRR, the available amount with the banks comes down
CAD- current account deficit
Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) – CRR is a ratio of total capital divided by risk-weighted assets and risk-weighted off-balance sheet items.
Cash Credit (CC) - An arrangement whereby the bank gives a short-term loan against the self-liquidating security
Certificate of Deposit (CD) - CD is a negotiable instrument issued by a bank evidencing time deposit
Cheque - A written order on a bank instrument for payment of a certain amount of money.
C-D ratio- Credit- Deposit Ratio
Corporate Banking - Banking services for large firms
CRAR - Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets Ratio
Credit Crunch - Fall in supply of credit even though there is sufficient demand for it
Cross default - Two loan agreements connected by a clause that allows one lender to recall the loan if the borrower defaults with another, and vice versa.
Deposit: A check or cash that is put into your bank account.
Endorse: To sign the back of your check before cashing or depositing it, as proof that you are the person the check was written out to.
Equitable mortgage - Mortgage under which one still owns the property which is security for the mortgage. The owner can occupy or live in the property
Exchange Rate - The rate at which one currency may be exchanged for another
FRNs - Floating Rate Notes
Fixed assets - Assets such as land, buildings, machinery or property used in operating a business that will not be consumed or converted into cash during the current accounting period
Fixed Rate - A predetermined rate of interest applied to the principal of a loan or credit agreement
IFSC Code - Indian Financial System Code or IFSC code is an eleven character code assigned by RBI to identify every bank branches uniquely, that are participating in NEFT system in India
Liquidation – Liquidation is divestment of all the assets of a firm so that the firm ceases to exist
Liquidity- The extent to which or the ease with which an asset may quickly be converted into cash with the least administrative and other costs
Letter of Credit (LC) - A formal document issued by a bank on behalf of a customer, stating the conditions under which the bank will honour the commitments of the customer
Line of Credit - pre-approved credit facility (usually for one year) enabling a bank customer to borrow up to the specified maximum amount at any time during the relevant period of time.
MICR- Magnetic Ink Character Recognition or MICR is the bottom line on all checks. It is printed using a special font.
Monthly Statement: statement received by customers at the end of the month about the account’s activity (what went in and what came out) from the previous month.
NEFT- national electronic funds transfer
Non Performing Assets (NPA) - When due payments in credit facilities remain overdue above a specified period, then such credit facilities are classified as NPA.
NBFCs- Non-banking Finance Companies
NHB- National Housing Bank
Overdraw: To write a check for more money than what is present in the account. Usually there is a fee (known as NSF/non-sufficient funds)
Principal- Principal is the amount of debt that must be repaid. Also means a person who deals in securities on his own account and not as a broker
Prime Lending Rate (PLR) - The rate of interest charged on loans by banks to their most creditworthy customers
PSB - Public Sector Bank
Repo rate- the rate at which the RBI lends money to banks
Reverse repo rate- Reverse Repo rate is the rate at which the RBI borrows money from commercial banks
SCBs - Scheduled Commercial Banks
Statutory Liquidity Ratio- SLR is Statutory Liquidity Ratio. It’s the percentage of Demand and Time Maturities that banks need to have in any or combination of the following forms:
i) Cash
ii) Gold valued at a price not exceeding the current market price,
iii) Unencumbered approved securities (G Secs or Gilts come under this) valued at a price as specified by the RBI from time to time
Standby Letter of Credit - A guarantee issued by a bank, on behalf of a buyer that protects the seller against non-payment for goods shipped to the buyer
Securitization - Securitization is a process of transformation of a bank loan into tradable securities
Selective Credit Control (SCC) - Control of credit flow to borrowers dealing in some essential commodities to discourage hoarding and black-marketing
Tier 1 Capital - Refers to core capital consisting of Capital, Statutory Reserves, Revenue and other reserves, Capital Reserves (excluding Revaluation Reserves) and unallocated surplus/ profit but excluding accumulated losses, investments in subsidiaries and other intangible assets
Tier 2 Capital - Comprises Property Revaluation Reserves, Undisclosed Reserves, Hybrid Capital, Subordinated Term Debt and General Provisions. This is Supplementary Capital.
Withdrawal: To take money out of your bank account. To make a withdrawal is the opposite of making a deposit
Balance of Payment: A summation of imports and exports made between a country and the other countries that it trades with.
Balance of trade: The difference in value over a period of time between a country's imports and exports.
Base year: In the construction of an index, the year from which the weights assigned to the different components of the index is drawn. It is conventional to set the value of an index in its base year equal to 100.
Variable Rate: Any interest rate that may fluctuate over the life of the loan is a variable rate loan or credit agreement. This fluctuation then causes changes in either the payments or the length of the term. This variable rate is often tied to an index that reflects changes in market rates of interest.
Bill of exchange: Often known as draft, Bill of Exchange is a document is a third party instrument (written, dated, and signed) containing an unconditional order by a drawer that directs a drawee to pay a definite sum of money to a payee on demand or at a specified future date. It is the most commonly used financial instrument in international trade.
Bretton Woods: It is an international monetary system, in which the value of the dollar was fixed in terms of gold, and every other country held its currency at a fixed exchange rate against the dollar. When trade deficits occurred, the central bank of the deficit country financed the deficit with its reserves of international currencies. The Bretton Woods system operated from 1946-1973 and collapsed in 1971 when the US abandoned the gold standard.
Capital account: Part of a nation's balance of payments that includes purchases and sales of assets, such as stocks, bonds, and land. A nation has a capital account surplus when receipts from asset sales exceed payments for the country's purchases of foreign assets. The sum of the capital and current accounts is the overall balance of payments.
Current account: Part of a nation's balance of payments which includes the value of all goods and services imported and exported, as well as the payment and receipt of dividends and interest. A nation has a current account surplus if exports exceed imports plus net transfers to foreigners. The sum of the current and capital accounts is the overall balance of payments.
Currency appreciation: An increase in the value of one currency relative to another currency. Appreciation occurs when, because of a change in exchange rates; a unit of one currency buys more units of another currency. Opposite is the case with currency depreciation.
Fiscal deficit: When a government's total expenditures exceed the revenue that it generates (excluding money from borrowings). A fiscal deficit is regarded by some as a positive economic event. Deficit differs from debt, which is an accumulation of yearly deficits.
Foreign exchange reserves: Also known as forex reserves or FX reserves, Foreign exchange reserves are 'only' the foreign currency deposits and bonds held by central banks and monetary authorities. Reserves enable the monetary authorities to intervene in foreign exchange markets to affect the exchange value of their domestic currency in the market. Reserves are invested in low-risk and liquid assets, often in foreign government securities.
Gross domestic product (GDP): It refers to the market value of all officially recognized final goods and services produced within a country in a given period, usually in one year. GDP per capita is often considered an indicator of a country's standard of livingbut is is not a measure of personal income. GDP per capita exactly equals the gross domestic income (GDI) per capita.
Gross national product (GNP): It is the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year by labour and property supplied by the residents of a country. It adds income earned by its citizens abroad, minus income earned by foreigners from domestic production.
Gross domestic income: GDI is the total income received by all sectors of an economy within a nation. It includes the sum of all wages, profits, and minus subsidies.
Inflation: Inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. It leads to less purchasing power of goods and services by each unit of currency; a loss of real value in the internal medium of exchange and unit of account in the economy.
International Monetary Fund (IMF): An international organisation that was created in the Bretton Woods Conference of 1944. Its main purpose is to regulate the international monetary exchange system, but has been modified since it creation. In particular, one of the central tasks of the IMF is to stabilize exchange rates of world currencies in a bid to alleviate severe balance of payments problems.
Monetary policy: The regulation of the money supply and interest rates by a central bank in order to control inflation and stabilize currency. If the economy is heating up, the central bank (such as RBI in India) can withdraw money from the banking system, raise the reserve requirement or raise the discount rate to make it cool down. If growth is slowing, it can reverse the process - increase the money supply, lower the reserve requirement and decrease the discount rate. The monetary policy influences interest rates and money supply.
Subsidy: It is an assistance paid to a business or economic sector by government to prevent the decline of that industry. Examples are export subsidies to encourage the sale of exports; subsidies on some foodstuffs to keep down the cost of living, especially in urban areas; and farm subsidies to encourage expansion of farm production and achieve self-reliance in food production.
Treasury bill: A short-term debt issued by a national government with a maximum maturity of one year. Treasury bills are sold at discount, such that the difference between purchase price and the value at maturity is the amount of interest.
WTO: The World Trade Organization is a global international organization that deals with the global rules of trade between nations. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows smoothly, predictably and freely as possible.
Black Market: A black market or underground economy is a market in goods or services which operate outside the formal ones supported by established state power. Typically the totality of such activity is referred to with the definite article as a complement to the official economies, by market for such goods and services, e.g. "the black market in bush meat" or the state jurisdiction "the black market in China".
Income inequality metrics: Income inequality metrics or income distribution metrics are used by social scientists to measure the distribution of income, and economic inequality among the participants in a particular economy, such as that of a specific country or of the world in general.
No comments:
Post a Comment